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Robotics — all categories

Mobile robots · Primary: ISO 3691-4

AGV & AMR compliance without the guesswork

Driverless industrial trucks and autonomous mobile robots — navigation safety, protective fields, battery/charging, and fleet interfaces for EU, UK, and North America.

Built for: Mobile robot OEMs and integrators

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Autonomous mobile robot in a warehouseISO 3691-4
Mobile robots in shared aisles — see the dedicated AMR and AGV pages for the split by navigation type.

What this category actually demands

AGVs follow defined guidance; AMRs navigate freely. They share ISO 3691-4 roots but validate differently. Start on the dedicated pages — AMR for free navigation and fleet behaviour, AGV for guided paths and load handling — then use this overview if your platform spans both.

Whichever type you build, the pattern is constant: define where it operates, prove how it protects people, and keep route, map, and software changes inside change control.

AGVs (guided / laser / vision)AMRs for intralogisticsAutomated forklifts & tuggersPallet & cart moversFleet-managed mobile bases

Reality check

Where AGVs & AMRs programs stall

01

Wrong type-C starting point

Applying a generic machinery checklist without ISO 3691-4 leaves the questions customers actually ask unanswered.

02

Component certificates mistaken for system approval

Scanners, controllers, and drives are evidence. The vehicle system claim is yours.

Safety architecture — AGVs & AMRs

Protective fields slow → stop the vehicleField sets sized from stopping distance at rated payloadPerson detection · Safe speed · Safe stop · Localisation loss

The safety architecture we build with you

Every function below ends as a claim in your file — with a target performance level, an implementation, and a validation method. If one of these is missing for your product, that is where we start.

Protective fields & safe speed

Sized and validated for the actual vehicle and payload.

Safe stop & recovery

Designed behaviour for faults, localisation/guidance loss, and remote stop.

How we help — from first sketch to site acceptance

One path, four gates. You keep design authority; we own the compliance thread through labs, assessors, and customer EHS reviews.

Gate 1

Domain & classification

Where it operates, who is exposed, which laws and type-C standards actually apply — before any test is booked.

Gate 2

Risk & safety architecture

ISO 12100 assessment turned into safety functions with PL/SIL targets your controls team can implement.

Gate 3

Validation

Measurements and tests on the real configuration — payload, speed, workpiece, ground — that close each safety claim.

Gate 4

File & acceptance

Technical file, DoC/DoI, instructions, and the site/customer acceptance pack, with change control that keeps it valid.

What you receive

  • Machinery classification & EHSR map
  • ISO 12100 risk assessment
  • Protective-field & speed-control validation plan
  • Battery / charger evidence pack (UN 38.3, IEC 62133 where applicable)
  • Technical file, DoC, and residual-risk instructions

Standards, in context

These are starting points, not a shopping list. The applicable editions and clauses follow from your classification and markets — EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, UK machinery rules, or North American OSHA/ANSI expectations, layered with EMC, electrical, radio, and battery law where your product triggers them.

Go deeper: AMR / AGV industrial mobile robot compliance →

ISO 3691-4Driverless industrial trucks and their systems — safety
EN ISO 12100Risk assessment and risk reduction
EN ISO 13849-1 / IEC 62061Safety-related control systems (PL / SIL)
EN IEC 60204-1Electrical equipment of machines
ANSI/ITSDF B56.5 / R15.08 (as applicable)North American driverless / mobile robot guidance

Questions we hear from AGVs & AMRs teams

Is an AMR “machinery” in the EU?+

Usually yes when it performs a machinery function. Expect Machinery Regulation, EMC, RED (if radios), and battery obligations together.

Does fleet software change the file?+

Yes. Safety functions in fleet managers, remote stop, and map updates belong in the risk assessment and change control.

Bring us your project — at any stage

Sketch, prototype, or a customer audit next month. A 30-minute scoping call maps your domain, standards, and evidence gaps.

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